1966

Joseph Weizenbaum creates ELIZA

Joseph Weizenbaum created ELIZA at MITMassachusetts Institute of Technology — a research university central to many computing breakthroughs. in 1966 — a program that simulated conversation by pattern-matching user text, including the DOCTOR Rogerian therapist script.

What it was for

ELIZA conversationELIZA fooled some users into attributing understanding to a simple keyword engine — prompting Weizenbaum's later warnings about anthropomorphizing machines. It launched chatbot research and debates about AI deception that continue in modern LLMLarge language model — a neural network trained on vast text to generate and reason about language. guardrails.

People

  • Joseph Weizenbaumcreator

Why it's here

ELIZA was the first widely known conversational computer program.

Why it mattered

It showed how little code could mimic dialogue — and why users over-trust machines.

What it solved

Researchers wanted to explore natural-language interaction without real language understanding.

Media

  • ELIZA conversation
    ImageELIZA conversation

    Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

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