Same roles as PythonA high-level language known for readability — dominant in data science, scripting, and web backends. 2 — scripting, web, data, automationUsing machines or software to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. — but with breaking fixes: proper UnicodeA standard mapping characters from all writing systems to code points — the basis of UTF-8 on the web. strings, cleaner syntax (`print()` as function), and removed old APIs. Migration took years; today PythonA high-level language known for readability — dominant in data science, scripting, and web backends. 3 is the only supported line for new work.

The PythonA high-level language known for readability — dominant in data science, scripting, and web backends. 2→3 transition was one of the biggest ecosystem migrations in open-source history.

It fixed long-standing design warts (unicode strings, print as function, removed old APIs) at the cost of breakage.