1973

Xerox Alto operational

Xerox PARC's Alto workstationA powerful desktop machine for technical work — between personal computers and minicomputers in price and capability. became operational in 1973 — the first computer designed around a bitmap GUIGraphical user interface — windows, icons, and pointers instead of typed commands., mouse, and EthernetA wired local networking standard — the dominant way offices and homes connect devices to a LAN. networking.

What it was for

Xerox AltoThe Alto ran BravoEarly WYSIWYG word processor developed at Xerox PARC for the Alto — influenced later document editors. word processing and SmalltalkAn object-oriented language and environment from Xerox PARC — pioneered GUIs and live programming. — Steve Jobs saw it and pushed the Macintosh toward GUIGraphical user interface — windows, icons, and pointers instead of typed commands. computing. EthernetA wired local networking standard — the dominant way offices and homes connect devices to a LAN., WYSIWYGWhat You See Is What You Get — editing where the screen closely matches printed output. editing, and overlapping windows were prototyped here years before they reached consumer PCPersonal computer — a computer designed for individual use, especially desktop or laptop machines.s. Developers study Alto as the ancestor of every desktop and laptop UIUser interface — the parts of software people see and interact with..

Why it's here

The Alto was the first personal workstationA powerful desktop machine for technical work — between personal computers and minicomputers in price and capability. built for graphical computing from the ground up.

Why it mattered

It proved GUIGraphical user interface — windows, icons, and pointers instead of typed commands.s, networking, and laser printing belonged on every desk — not just lab demos.

What it solved

Researchers needed an interactive machine for document preparation and distributed computingRunning programs across multiple networked machines — coordinates work to solve larger problems., not batch punch cardA stiff card with punched holes encoding data or instructions — an early program and data input medium.s.

Media

  • Xerox Alto
    ImageXerox Alto

    Bc4040, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

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